Behavioural Organization Under Stimulus-Stimulus Contingencies and Their Presentation in Four Different Locations in an Expanded Experimental Space
Authors
-
Jairo Tamayo
Universidad Veracruzana
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7738-1786
- Iván López-Ortiz Universidad Veracruzana
Abstract
Stimulus-stimulus contingencies were evaluated in four different locations within a 92 x 92 cm experimental chamber. A 10 second light (such as EC) was presented followed by a delivery of water from a dispenser. After that, the intertrial interval (I) began. A new presentation of the light and the water was given in the next dispenser in a different location and so on until four dispensers were completed. Between phases, the value of I (15, 30, 60 and 120 s) was manipulated; between groups, the effect of descending (Group 1) or ascending (Group 2) sequence on I values was evaluated. The frequency and percentage of time of head entry response was analysed as well as analogue path to give a complementary account of the directionality of behaviour. The analysis showed that the frequency of head entry and the coincidence between this and the water deliveries were greater at higher values of I. Persistent behaviour was present at low values of I. The elevation ratio analysed by subject did not show homogeneous changes. The elevation ratio increased when analysed globally without distinguishing between groups or conditions. The analogue path allowed us to appreciate the occurrence of persistence in the displacement and in the location.Keywords:
stimulus-stimulus contingencies, displacement, directionality of behaviour, elevation ratio, spaceReferences
Baum, W. M. & Rachlin, H. C. (1969). Choice as time allocation. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12(6), 861-874. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1969.12-861
Bueno, M. & Álvarez, R. (2001). El efecto de las duraciones del intervalo entre ensayos y entre estímulos en el condicionamiento pavloviano apetitivo en ratas. Psicológica, 22, 205-215. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3Wo1xku
Hearst, E. S. (1975). Pavlovian conditioning and directed movements. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 9, 215-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60272-8
Hearst, E. & Jenkins, H. M. (1974). Sign-tracking: The stimulus-reinforcer relation and directed action. Austin, Texas: Psychonomic Society.
Hernández Eslava, V., Palacios Pérez, H. B., Tamayo Tamayo, J., & Torres Ceja, C. (2021). Incorporación de la dimensión espacial en la descripción del comportamiento: desarrollo de medidas molares de la conducta y su representación mediante sistemas dinámicos. En V. M. Alcaráz (Coord.), Festschrift en honor de Emilio Ribes. Veracruz, México: Universidad Veracruzana.
Holland, P. (2000). Trial and intertrial durations in appetitive conditioning in rats. Animal Learning & Behavior, 28(2), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200248
Lattal, K. (1999). Trial and intertrial durations in Pavlovian conditioning: Issues of learning and performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25(4), 433-450. https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.25.4.433
Logan, F. A. & Ferraro, D. P. (1970). From free responding to discrete trials. En W. N. Schoenfeld (Ed.), The theory of reinforcement schedules. New York, New York: Appleton Century Crofts.
Pear, J. J. (1985). Spatiotemporal patterns of behavior produced by variable-interval schedules of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 44(2), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1985.44-217
Ribes Iñesta, E. (1992). Sobre el tiempo y el espacio psicológicos. Acta Comportamentalia, 0, 71-84.
Ribes Iñesta, E. (2007). Estados y límites del campo, medios de contacto y análisis molar del comportamiento; reflexiones teóricas. Acta Comportamentalia, 15, 229-259. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/3jusXGB
Ribes Iñesta, E., Palacios Pérez, H. B., & Hernández Eslava, V. (2020). Continuous measuring of temporal and spatial changes in rats’ behavior under water temporal schedules. Psychological Record, 70, 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-020-00389-z
Ribes Iñesta, E. & Tamayo, J. (2020). Evaluación de diferentes contingencias temporales y espaciales en un ambiente experimental ampliado con cuatro dispensadores de agua. Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta, 46(2), 84-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v46.i2.77875
Schwartz, B. & Gazmu, E. (1977). Pavlovian control of operant behavior. En W. K. Honing & J. E. R. Staddon (Eds.), Handbook of operant behavior. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Sunsay, C. & Bouton, M. E. (2008). Analysis of a trial-spacing effect with relatively long intertrial intervals. Learning & Behavior, 36(2), 104-115. https://doi.org/10.3758/lb.36.2.104
Staddon, J. E. & Simmelhag, V. L. (1971). The “supersitition” experiment: A reexamination of its implications for the principles of adaptive behavior. Psychological Review, 78(1), 3-43. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030305
Wasserman, E. A. (1973). The effect of redundant contextual stimuli on autoshaping the pigeon’s keypeck. Animal Learning & Behavior, 1(3), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03199074
Wasserman, E. A., Franklin, S. R., & Hearst, E. (1974). Pavlovian appetitive contingencies and approach versus withdrawal to conditioned stimuli in pigeons. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 86(4), 616-627. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036171
Twitter